The History of Traditional Korean Houses, Hanok
Hanok is the term for a traditional Korean house, designed to be harmonious with the surrounding environment and climate. Hanok architecture emphasizes the use of natural materials such as wood, clay, stone, and paper, and features unique characteristics such as ondol (underfloor heating system) and a curved tiled roof.
The Structure and Features of Hanok
One of the most distinguishing features of Hanok is the underfloor heating system called ‘ondol’. Ondol uses heat from a kitchen or fireplace to warm the entire house. Hanok also has wide eaves and curved roofs, which protect the house from strong sunlight and rain while providing shade in the summer and warmth in the winter. In addition, Hanok is constructed in such a way that the line of the mountains can be seen from inside the house, connecting the house with nature.
Types and Characteristics of Hanok
Hanok varies according to region and social status. In the northern regions, Hanok is usually built in a square shape to keep warmth, while in the southern regions, Hanok is constructed in an L-shape or straight line, allowing better ventilation. In the old days, people with higher social status lived in larger, more elaborate Hanok, whereas common people lived in smaller, simpler Hanok.
Hanok in Modern Society
Recently, hanoks have received renewed attention for their value as eco-friendly buildings. There are active efforts to preserve traditional hanoks and build new hanoks using modern technology. Hanok not only serves as a unique residential space, but also as guest houses, cafes, and cultural venues, giving people a chance to experience traditional Korean culture.
